وای به حال مردمی که از شیخ سعدی درس اخلاق بگیرند

  I deplore a nation that tries to learn about ethical standards from such poets as Saadi.  Persians consider Saadi a great poet and thinker but I beg to differ.  His concept of love is nothing but his sexual desire towards his young under-aged students or slaves.  His understanding of love is Hypocritical.  For example, read Saadi's Disgusting writings and poetry on love: In English From http://classics.mit.edu/Sadi/gulistan.6.v.html
  A few translations of his didactic stories are quoted at the end of this article.  See Story 10 below where he proclaims eternal love toward a young lad but quickly rids of him the moment he grows a beard.

حکایتهای سعدی در باب عشق, انسان را یاد افکار اصغر قاتل می اندازد.  درک سعدی از عشق فقط بر روی رابطه جنسی با پسران دانش آموز یا برده دور میزند.  در حکایت شماره ۱۰ سعدی ثابت میکند همه شعر های عاشقانه او که دم از پیش مرگ شدن برای معشوق میزند "لحظه ای" است و به محض اینکه پسر معشوق او ریش مردانه در می آورد با یک اردنگی بیرون میشود و سعدی که داد از مهر جاودان به معشوق میزند، چیزی نیست جز مزوری که حرف و عملش یکی نیست (هیپوکریت).؛

گفتا شِکَرَم بیار و بادام
گفتم نخرم سرت به گوزی
تو پار (سال) گریختی چو آهو
وامسال بیامدی چو یوزی
سعدی خط سبز دوست دارد
نه هر الف جوال دوزی

  عمق فکری او در مورد عشق همین است که تا انسان عاشق کسی میشود، عقلش را از دست میدهد و نسبت به همه چیز کور میشود.  این دیدگاه سیاه-سفید و مطلق و سطحی او را مقایسه کنید با دیدگاه افلاطون در داستان ضیافت.  بیخود نیست مقاله ضیافت افلاطون جهانگیر است و کسی در جهان متمدن ارزشی به کسی چون سعدی نمیدهد.   لطفآ چندی از این حکایت ها را بخوانید، مخصوصا حکایت دهم.  اگر حکایت ها را به فارسی نمیتوانید دنبال کنید، در انتهای متن, آنها را به انگلیسی هم قرا داده ام.؛

باب پنجم گلستان سعدی به فارسی http://www.dibache.com/text.asp?cat=3&id=1542


گلستان سعدي - باب پنجم: در عشق و جوانى

تصحيح محمد علي فروغي



حکايت اول
 حسن ميمندي را گفتند: سلطان محمود چندين بنده صاحب جمال دارد که هر يکي بديع جهاني‌اند، چگونه افتاده است که با هيچ يک از ايشان ميل و محبتي ندارد چنانکه با اياز که حسني زيادتي ندارد؟ گفت: هر چه به دل فرو آيد در ديده نکو نمايد.

هر كه سلطان مريد او باشد
گر همه بد كند نكو باشد

وآنكه را پادشه بيندازد
كسش از خيل خانه ننوازد


كسى به ديده انكار گر نگاه كند
نشان صورت يوسف دهد به ناخوبى

و گر به چشم ارادت نگه كنى در ديو
 فرشته‌ايت نمايد به چشم، كروبى
*****
حکايت دوم
گويند خواجه‌اي را بنده‌اي نادرالحسن بود و با وي به سبيل مودت و ديانت نظري داشت. با يکي از دوستان گفت: دريغ اين بنده با حسن و شمايلي که دارد اگر زبان درازي و بي‌ادبي نکردي. گفت: برادر، چو اقرار دوستي کردي توقع خدمت مدار که چون عاشق و معشوقي در ميان آمد مالک و مملوک برخاست.

خواجه با بنده پرى رخسار
چون درآمد به بازى و خنده

نه عجب كو چو خواجه حكم كند
وين كشد بار ناز چون بنده
*****
حکايت سوم
پارسايى را ديدم به محبت شخصي گرفتار، نه طاقت صبر و نه ياراي گفتار. چندانکه ملامت ديدي و غرامت کشيدي ترک تصابي نگفتي و گفتي:

كوته نكنم ز دامنت دست
ور خود بزنى به تيغ تيزم

بعد از تو ملاذ و ملجائى نيست
هم در تو گريزم ار گريزم

باري ملامتش کردم و گفتم: عقل نفيست را چه شد؛ تا نفس خسيس غالب آمد؟ زماني بفکرت فرو رفت و گفت:

هر كجا سلطان عشق آمد نماند
قوّت بازوى تقوا را محل

پاكدامن چون زيد بيچاره‌اى
 اوفتاده تا گريبان در وحل
 *****
حکايت چهارم
 يکي را دل از دست رفته بود و ترک جان کرده، و مطمح نظرش، جايي خطرناک و مظنه هلاک؛ نه لقمه‌اي که مصور شدي که به کام آيد يا مرغي که به دام افتد.

چو در چشم شاهد نيايد زرت
زر و خاك يكسان نمايد برت

باري به نصيحتش گفتند: ازين خيال محال تجنب کن که خلقي هم بدين هوس که تو داري اسيرند و پاي در زنجير. بناليد و گفت:

دوستان گو نصيحتم مكنيد
كه مرا ديده بر ارادت اوست

جنگ‌جويان به زور و پنجه و كتف
 دشمنان را كشند و خوبان دوست

شرط مودت نباشد به انديشه جان، دل از مهر جانان برگرفتن.

تو كه در بند خويشتن باشى
عشق باز دروغ زن باشى

گر نشايد به دوست ره بردن
شرط يارى است در طلب مردن

گر دست رسد كه آستينش گيرم
ورنه بروم بر آستانش ميرم

متعلقان را که نظر در کار او بود و شفقت بروزگار او، پندش دادند و بندش نهادند و سودي نکرد.

دردا كه طبيب صبر مى‌فرمايد
 وين نفس حريص را شكر مى‌بايد

آن شنيدى كه شاهدى بنهفت
با دل از دست رفته‌اى مى‌گفت

تا تو را قدر خويشتن باشد
 پيش چشمت چه قدر من باشد

آورده‌اند که مر آن پادشه‌زاده که مملوح نظر او بود خبر کردند که جواني بر سر اين ميدان، مداومت مي‌نمايد خوش طبع و شيرين زبان، و سخن‌هاي لطيف مي‌گويد و نکته‌هاي بديع ازو مي‌شنوند؛ و چنين معلوم همي شود که دل آشفته است و شوري در سر دارد. پسر دانست که دل آويخته اوست و اين گرد بلا انگيخته او. مرکب به جانب او راند. چون ديد که نزديک او عزم دارد . بگريست و گفت:

آن كس كه مرا بكشت باز آمد پيش
مانا كه دلش بسوخت بر كشته خويش

چندان که ملاطفت کرد و پرسيدش: از کجايي و چه نامي و چه صنعت داني. در قعر بحر مودت چنان غريق بود که مجال نفس نداشت.

اگر خود هفت سبع از بر بخوانى
چو آشفتى الف ب ت ندانى

گفتا: سخني با من چرا نگويي که هم از حلقه درويشانم بل که حلقه به گوش ايشانم. آنگه به قوت استيناس محبوب از ميان تلاطم امواجِ محبت سر برآورد و گفت:

عجب است با وجودت كه وجود من بماند
تو به گفتن اندر آيى و مرا سخن بماند

اين بگفت و نعره‌اي زد و جان به حق تسليم کرد.

عجب از كشته نباشد به درِ خيمه دوست
عجب از زنده كه چون جان به در آورد سليم
 *****
حکايت پنجم
يکي از متعلمان، کمال بهجتي بود، و معلم از آنجا که حسّ بشريت است با حسن بشره او معاملتي داشت؛ و وقتي به خلوتش دريافتي گفتي:

نه آنچنان به تو مشغولم اى بهشتى روى
كه ياد خويشتنم در ضمير مى آيد

ز ديدنت نتوانم كه ديده در بندم
و گر مقابله بينم كه تير مى‌آيد

باري پسر گفت: آنچنان که در آداب درس من نظري مي‌فرمايي، در آداب نفسم نيز تأمل فرماي تا اگر در اخلاق من ناپسندي بيني که مرا آن پسند همي نمايد بر آنم اطلاع فرمايي تا به تبديل آن سعي کنم. گفت: اي پسر، اين سخن از ديگري پرس که آن نظر که مرا با توست جز هنر نمي بينم.

چشم بدانديش كه بر كنده باد
عيب نمايد هنرش در نظر

ور هنرى دارى و هفتاد عيب
دوست نبيند بجز آن يك هنر
*****
حکايت ششم
شبي ياد دارم که ياري عزيز از در درآمد. چنان بي‌خود از جاي برجستم که چراغم به آستين کشته شد.

سَرى طَيفُ من يَجلُو بِطلُعتهَ الدُجى
شگفت آمد از بختم كه اين دولت از كجا

نشست و عتاب آغاز کرد که مرا در حال بديدي چراغ بکشتي به چه معني؟ گفتم: به دو معني: يکي آنکه گمان بردم که آفتاب برآمد و ديگر آنکه اين بيتم به خاطر بود:

چون گرانى به پيش شمع آيد
خيزش اندر ميان جمع بكش

ور شكر خنده يى ست شيرين لب
آستينش بگير و شمع بكش
*****
حکايت هفتم
 يکي، دوستي را که زمانها نديده بود گفت: کجايي که مشتاق بوده‌ام؟ گفت: مشتاقي به که ملولي.

دير آمدى اى نگار سرمست
زودت ندهيم دامن از دست

معشوقه كه دير دير بينند
آخر كم از آنكه سير بينند

شاهد که با رفيقان آيد، بجفا کردن آمده است؛ بحکم آنکه از غيرت و مضادّت خالي نباشد.
اذا جئتني في رفقة لتزورني
و ان جئت في صلح فانت محارب

 بيک نفس که برآميخت يار با اغيار
بسي نماند که غيرت وجود من بکشد

به خنده گفت كه من شمع جمعم اى سعدى
مرا از آن چه كه پروانه خويشتن بكشد
 *****
حکايت هشتم
ياد دارم در ايام پيشين که من و دوستي، چون دو بادام مغز در پوستي، صحبت داشتيم. ناگاه اتفاق مغيب افتاد. پس از مدتي که باز آمد، عتاب آغاز کرد که درين مدت قاصدي نفرستادي. گفتم: دريغ آمدم که ديده قاصد به جمال تو روشن گردد و من محروم.

يار ديرينه مرا گو بزبان توبه مده
که مرا توبه به شمشير نخواهد بودن

رشکم آيد که کسي سير نگه در تو کند
باز گويم نه که کس سير نخواهد بودن
*****
حکايت نهم
دانشمندي را ديدم به کسي مبتلا شده و رازش برملا افتاده. جور فراوان بردي و تحمل بي‌کران کردي. باري به لطافتش گفتم: دانم که تو را در مودت اين منظور علتي و بناي محبت برزلّتي نيست. با وجود چنين معني، لايق قدر علما نباشد خود را متهم گردانيدن و جور بي‌ادبان بردن. گفت: اي يار، دست عتاب از دامن روزگارم بدار؛ بارها درين مصلحت که تو بيني انديشه کردم و صبر بر جفاي او سهل‌تر آيد همي که صبر از ديدن او و حکما گويند: دل بر مجاهده نهادن آسانترست که چشم از مشاهده برگرفتن.

هر كه بى او به سر نشايد بُرد
گر جفايى كند ببايد بُرد

روزى از دست گفتمش زنهار
چند از آن روز گفتم استغفار

نكند دوست زينهار از دوست
 دل نهادم بر آنچه خاطر اوست

گر بلطفم به نزد خود خواند
 ور به قهرم براند او داند
*****
 حکايت دهم
در عنفوان جواني چنانکه افتد و داني، با شاهدي سر و سرّي داشتم؛ بحُکم آنکه حلقي داشت طَيبُ الَادا و خَلقي کالبدرِ اذا بدا.
آ
آنكه نباتِ عارضش آب حيات مى‌خورد
در شكرش نگه كند هر كه نبات مى‌خورد

اتفاقا بخلاف طبع، از وي حرکتي بديدم که نپسنديدم. دامن ازو درکشيدم و مهره برچيدم و گفتم:

برو هر چه مى‌بايدت پيش گير
 سر ما ندارى سَرِ خويش گير

شنيدمش همى‌رفت و مى‌گفت:

شب پره گر وصل آفتاب نخواهد
رونق بازار آفتاب نكاهد

اين بگفت و سفر کرد؛ و پريشاني او در من اثر.

فقدت زمان الوصل والمرة جاهل
بقدر لذيذ العيش قبل المصائب

باز آى و مرا بكش كه پيشت مردن
خوشتر كه پس از تو زندگانى كردن

اما به شکر و منّت، باري پس از مدتي بازآمد. آن حلق داوودي متغير شده و جمال يوسفي به زيان آمده و بر سيب زنخدانش چون به گردي نشسته و رونق بازار حُسنش شکسته. متوقع که در کنارش گيرم. کناره گرفتم و گفتم:

آن روز كه خطِ شاهدت بود
صاحب نظر از نظر براندى

امروز بيامدى به صلحش
كش فتحه و ضمه بر نشاندى

تازه بهارا ورقت زرد شد
ديگ منه كآتش ما سرد شد

چند خرامى و تكبر كنى
دولت پارينه تصور كنى

پيش كسى رو كه طلبكار تست
 ناز بر آن كن كه خريدار تست

سبزه در باغ گفته‌اند خوشست
 داند آن كس كه اين سخن گويد

يعنى از روى نيكوان خط سبز
دل عشاق بيشتر جويد

بوستان تو گندنا زاريست
بس كه بر مى‌كنى و مى‌رويد

گر صبر كنى ور نكنى موى بناگوش
 اين دولت ايام نكويى به سر آيد

گر دست به جان داشتمى همچو تو بر ريش
 نگذاشتمى تا به قيامت كه برآيد

سؤ ال كردم و گفتم جمال روى ترا
چه شد كه مورچه بر گرد ماه جوشيدست

جواب داد ندانم چه بود رويم را
مگر به ماتم حسنم سياه پوشيدست
*****
می‌رفت و هزار دیده با او
هم‌چون شکری لبی و پوزی
باز آمد و عارض‌اش دمیده
مانند شبی به روی روزی
چندان که نشاط کرد و بازی
در من اثری ندید و سوزی
گفتا شِکَرَم بیار و بادام
گفتم نخرم سرت به گوزی
تو پار گریختی چو آهو
وامسال بیامدی چو یوزی
سعدی خط سبز دوست دارد
نه هر الف جوال دوزی!



Chapter V   
On Love and Youth

Story 1

Hasan Maimundi was asked that, as the Sultan Mahmud possesses so many beautiful slaves, each of whom is a marvel in the world, how it happens that he manifests towards none of them so much inclination and love as to Iyaz, although he is not more handsome than the others. He replied: 'Whatever descends into the heart appears good to the eye.'

He whose murid' the sultan is
If he does everything bad, it will be good.
But he whom the padshah throws away
Will not be cared for by anyone in the household.

If anyone looks with an unfavourable eye
Even the figure of Joseph will indicate ugliness
And if he looks with the eye of desire on a demon,
He will appear an angel, a cherub in his sigh].

Story 2

It is said that a gentleman possessed a slave of exquisite beauty, whom he regarded with love and affection. He nevertheless said to a friend: 'Would that this slave of mine, with all the beauty and good qualities he possesses, had not a long and uncivil tongue!' He replied: 'Brother, do not expect service, after professing friendship; because when relations between lover and beloved come in, the relations between master and servant are superseded':

When a master with a fairy-faced slave
Begins to play and to laugh
What wonder if the latter coquets like the master
And the gentleman bears it like a slave?

A slave is to draw water and make bricks.
A pampered slave will strike with the fist.

Story 3

I saw a religious man, who had fallen in love with a fellow to such a degree that he had neither strength to remain patient nor to bear the talk of the people but would not relinquish his attachment, despite of the reproaches he suffered and the grief he bore, saying:

I shall not let go my hold of thy skirt
Even if thou strike me with a sharp sword.
After thee I have no refuge nor asylum.
To thee alone I shall flee if I flee.

I once reproached him, asking him what had become of his exquisite intellect so that it had been overcome by his base proclivity. He meditated a while and then said:

'Wherever love has become sultan
Piety's arm has no strength left.
How can a helpless fellow live purely
Who has sunk up to his neck in impurity?'

Story 4

One had lost his heart and bidden farewell to his life because the target which he aimed at was in a dangerous locality, portending destruction and no chance promising a morsel easily coming to the palate nor a bird falling into the trap.

When thy sweetheart's eye has no regard for gold
Mud and gold are of equal value to thee.

I once advised him to abandon his aspiration to a fancy impossible of realization because many persons are enslaved by the same passion like himself, the feet of their hearts being in chains. He lamented and said:

'Tell my friends not to give me advice
Because my eyes are fixed on her wishes.
By the strength of fist and shoulders warriors
Slay enemies but sweethearts a friend.'

It is against the requirements of love to renounce affection to our sweethearts for fear of losing our lives.

Thou who art a slave to thy selfishness
Art mendacious in the game of love.
If there be no way to reach the friend
Friendship demands to die in pursuit of it.

I rise as no other source is left to me
Though the foe may smite me with arrow and sword.
If chance serves me I shall take hold of her sleeve.
Or else I shall go and die on her threshold.

His friends, who considered his position, pitied his state, gave him advice and at last confined him but all to no purpose.

Alas, that the physician should prescribe patience,
Whereas this greedy lust requires sugar.

Hast thou heard that the mistress secretly
Told him who had lost his heart:
'As long as thou possessest thy own dignity,
What will mine amount to in thy eyes?'

It is related that the royal prince who was the object of his affection had been informed to the effect that a good-natured and sweet-spoken youth was constantly attending on the plain, uttering graceful words; and strange tales having been heard of him, it appeared that his heart is inflamed and that he has a touch of insanity in his head. The boy knew that his heart had become attached to him and that he had raised this dust of calamity. Accordingly he galloped towards him. When the youth perceived the prince approaching him, he we and said:

'He who has slain me has come back again.
It seems his heart burns for him whom he has slain.'

Although he accosted the youth graciously, asking him whence he came and what his occupation was, he was so plunged in the depths of the ocean of love that he could not breathe:

If thou recitest the seven portions of the lesson by heart,
When thou art demented by love thou knowest not the A, B, C.

The prince said: 'Why speakest thou not to me? I also belong to the circle of dervishes; nay I am even in their service.' In consequence of the force of the friendly advances of his beloved, he raised his head from the dashing waves of love and said:

'It is a marvel that with thy existence mine remains
That when thou speakest words to me remain.'

Saying these words he uttered a shout and surrendered his life.

It would not be strange if he had been slain at his tent door
But it would be strange that if alive he should escape safe.
Story 5

A schoolboy was so perfectly beautiful and sweet-voiced that the teacher, in accordance with human nature, conceived such an affection towards him that' he often recited the following verses:

I am not so little occupied with thee, O heavenly face,
That remembrance of myself occurs to my mind.
From thy sight I am unable to withdraw my eyes
Although when I am opposite I may see that an arrow comes.

Once the boy said to him: 'As thou strivest to direct my studies, direct also my behaviour. If thou perceivest anything reprovable in my conduct, although it may seem approvable to me, inform me thereof that I may endeavour to change it.' He replied: 'O boy, make that request to someone else because the eyes with which I look upon thee behold nothing but virtues.'

The ill-wishing eye, be it torn out
Sees only defects in his virtue.
But if thou possessest one virtue and seventy faults
A friend sees nothing except that virtue.

Story 6

I remember that one night a dear friend of mine entered when I jumped up in such a heedless way that the lamp was extinguished by my sleeve. A vision appeared in the night and by its appearance the darkness was illuminated.

I was amazed at my luck exclaiming whence this felicity?

He took a seat and began reproving me saying that when I beheld him I extinguished the lamp. I said: 'I thought the sun had risen and wits have said:

When an ugly person comes before the lamp
Arise to him and pull him into the assembly
But if it be a sugar-smiled, sweet-lipped one
Pull him by the sleeve and extinguish the lamp.'

Story 7

One who had for a considerable time not seen his friend asked him where he had been and said he had been longing. He replied: 'To be longing is better than to be satisfied.'

Thou hast come late, O intoxicated idol,
We shall not soon let go thy skirt from the hand.
He who sees his sweetheart at long intervals
Is after all better off than if he sees too much of her.

When thou comest with friends to visit me
Although thou comest in peace thou art attacking.

If my sweetheart associates one moment with strangers
It wants but little and I die of jealousy.
She said smiling: 'I am the lamp of the assembly, O Sa'di,
What is it to me if a moth kills itself?'

Story 8

I remember how in former times I and another friend kept company with each other like two almond kernels in one skin. Suddenly a separation took place but after a time, when my companion returned, he commenced to blame me for not having sent him a messenger during it. I replied: 'I thought it would be a pity that the eyes of a messenger should be brightened by thy beauty and I deprived thereof.'

Tell my old friend not to give me advice with the tongue
Because even a sword will not compel me to repent.
I am jealous that anyone should see thee to satiety.
Again I say that no one will be satiated.

Story 9

I knew a learned man who had fallen in love with someone but his secret having fallen from the veil of concealment into publicity, he endured abundant persecution and displayed boundless patience. I said once to him by way of consolation: 'I know thou entertainest no worldly motive nor inclination for baseness. It is nevertheless unbecoming the dignity of a scholar to expose himself to suspicions and to bear the persecutions of mannerless persons.' He replied: 'O friend, take off the hand of reproach from my skirt because I have often meditated on the opinion which thou entertainest but have found it easier to bear persecution for his sake than not to see him; and philosophers have said that it is easier to accustom the heart to strife, than to turn away the eye from seeing the beloved.

Who has his heart with a heart-ravisher
Has his beard in another's hand.
A gazelle with a halter on the neck
Is not able to walk of its own accord.
If he, without whom one cannot abide,
Becomes insolent it must be endured.
I one day told him to beware of his friend
But I often asked pardon for that day.
A friend does not abandon a friend.
I submit my heart to what he wills.
Whether he kindly calls me to himself
Or drives me away in anger he knows best.

Story 10

In the exuberance of youth, as it usually happens and as thou knowest, I was on the closest terms of intimacy with a sweetheart who had a melodious voice and a form beautiful like the moon just rising.

He, the down of whose cheek drinks the water of immortality,
Whoever looks at his sugar lips eats sweetmeats.

I happened to notice something in his behaviour which was contrary to nature and not approved of by me. Accordingly I gathered up my skirt from him and, picking up the pieces of the chess-game of friendship, recited:

'Go and do as thou listest.
Thou hast not our head; follow thine.'

I heard him saying when he went away:

'If the bat desires not union with the sun
The beauty of the sun will not decrease.'

Saying this, he departed and his distress took effect on me:

I lost the time of union and man is ignorant
Of the value of delightful life before adversity.

Return. Slay me. For to die in thy presence
Is more sweet than to live after thee.

Thanks be to the bounty of God, he returned some time afterwards but his melodious voice had changed, his Joseph like beauty had faded, on the apple of his skin dust had settled as upon a quince so that the splendour of his beauty had departed. He wanted me to embrace him. I complied and said:

'On the day when thou hadst a beauteous incipient beard
Thou drovest him, who desired the sight, from thy sight.
Today thou camest to make peace with him
But hast exhibited Fathah and Zammah.

His fresh spring is gone and he has become yellow.
Bring not the kettle because our fire is extinguished.
How long wilt thou strut about, showing arrogance,
Imagining felicity which has elapsed?
Go to him who will purchase thee.
Coquet with him who asks for thee.

They said: "Verdure in the garden is pleasing."
He knows it who utters these words.
Namely, heartfelt affection for that green line
Fascinates the hearts of lovers more and more.
Thy garden is a bed of leeks.
The more thou weedest it the more they grow.

Whether thou pluckest out thy beard or not
This happiness of youthful days must end.
Had I the power of life as thou of the beard
I would not let it end till resurrection-day.

I asked and said: What has befallen the beauty of thy face
That ants are crawling round the moon?
He replied, smiling: "I know not what is the matter
with my face.
Perhaps it wears black as mourning for my beauty."'